PRJ5105 Project Integration and Change Management Report Sample

PRJ5105 Project Integration and Change Management

Assessment 2: 

Critical Analysis and Evaluation This assessment requires students to (a) review the most recent
literature on integration and change management (b) critically evaluate the integrative nature of the Project Charter and Project Management Plan and how what gets included in them supports the achievement of project success (c) describe Integration Management, Change management and Configuration Management and which do you think is most important for project success and why?

Assessment 2 Detail

This assessment requires students to (a) review the most recent literature (minimum 7 latest publications of last five years) on integration and change management and the role of the project manager as change manager and integrator; (b) critically evaluate the integrative nature of the Project Charter and Project Management Plan along with their purpose within the Integration Management processes and how what gets included in them supports the achievement of project success (c) describe Integration, Change and Configuration Management and which do you think is most important for project success and why?. Your work should include the following:

1. Abstract

2. Introduction

3. The body

a. Literature review

b. Critically evaluate the integrative nature of the Project Charter and what gets included in it  supports the achievement of project success

c. Critically evaluate the integrative nature of the Project Management Plan and what gets included in it supports the achievement of project success

d. Describe Integration, Change and Configuration Management and which do you think is most important for project success and why?

4. Conclusion

5. List of references (use Harvard Style)

It is recommended to visit the SLS page for more information about this type of assessment via these links:

1. For Literature Review - https://apic.instructure.com/courses/39/pages/literature- review?module_item_id=631

2. General information about Assessments - https://apic.instructure.com/courses/39/pages/find-your-sls-resources

Solution

Introduction

Project management and integration change is an effort to pursue project objectives and goals. Project management ensures stability in overall areas of projects. The assignment delivers a literature review of integration and change management with models that gives clear information about this management. According to the MBA Assignment Expert overview, The study also analyzes a critical evaluation of the project management plan and project charter and how that management is an essential element for project success. In the end, this assignment describes Integration, Configuration, and Change Management with the importance in project success that conducts a piece of brief information about their process and role in project success. The whole assignment also analysis projects management plans and other management with clear approaches that help to the success of the project.

A) Literature review on change management and integration 

Change management helps an organization to achieve its targeted business strategy by systematic and organized application of resources, tools, and knowledge. The change should be dealt with by both the individuals and the organization. This change management consists of three aspects including adapting, controlling, and evaluating the change (Rosenbaum More & Steane 2018). Various models describe this integration and change management such as the eight-step model of John Kotter and the model of Kubler-Ross.

Eight step model of John Kotter

The first step of this model is to create urgency through stakeholder analysis and data acquisition. A powerful coalition will be formed afterward through stakeholder workshops, sponsorship coalition, and defining the roles of every member in the project team. Furthermore, a vision will be created to induce change through implementation and a CM plan (Thu & Thu 2022). The vision will be then communicated through project coaching and empowering the employees via team building and the use of expertise. The main focus will be on achieving short-term wins and continuing the change. Lastly, the change should be incorporated into the culture of the corporation through proper reinforcement.  
 

Figure1:  kotter’s 8 step Model
(Source: Thu & Thu 2022)

Model of Kubler-Ross 

This model consists of different phases starting with the initial stages where the people are mostly not flexible with the changing initiatives. The second phase is the negation phase where the individuals become active in adopting the changes (Ulukan 2020). In this phase, some crisis or resistance to the change may occur such as more attachment to the old norms and the influence of the negatrons. The following phase will be an emotional detachment of the individuals from the old norms which is followed by the realization phase when the departure atmosphere is created. However, the people who still cannot relate to the change back out from the changing initiative through resignation. Finally, the change gets integrated into the organization as the people who are still involved are committed to the change. 
 

Figure 2: Kubler Ross model
(Source: Ulukan 2020)

Phases of change management and integration

Preparation

The objectives of the change are first clarified to the involved people for avoiding any confusion and through proper assessment of the stakeholders and analyzing the impact of the change. The necessary resources should be organized properly for acquiring the desired changes and the identification of efficient leaders.

Planning

Proper and formal planning should be done for various purposes such as resistance management, conveying messages, creating efficient communication networks, and planning of interventions and events. Multiple channels and media should be considered by the planners for efficient communication.  

Managing

The awareness among the employees should be increased so that their negative impact on the various organization processes can be reduced (Stouten Rousseau & De Cremer 2018). The end users should also be included with the inclusion of efficient supervisors and managers who will be served as change agents.

Reinforcing

The change is aimed to be a sustainable embedment of change in the organization thus the reinforcement of the change should be done effectively. This can be done by collecting feedback so that the results of the change can be evaluated effectively and in case there is any gap in getting the desired results that must be closed in a short span. 

Project Manager Role as Integrator and Change Manager

The core valued person in a project is its project manager and is considered a backbone. The project manager is not only responsible for monitoring the works of the technical people. They are responsible for every phase of the changing process ranging from identifying the scopes, specifying the objectives, and determining the time and cost that is required for the project to communicating with the stakeholders, allocating resources, checking the quality, assessing and managing the risks and making an alternative plan. Thus this is the utmost responsibility of the project manager to be an integrator for consolidating and unifying all the activities with keeping a total grip over the initiated change. The project manager is also responsible for providing solutions so that the roles played by the individuals are effective and that support the change. The specialized expertise of the project managers is very necessary for handling the components which will be the most effective in bringing the desired change (Al-Hajj & Zraunig 2018). This is how the project manager has huge capability in bringing the change successfully by designing the whole process efficiently and motivating everyone to adopt the change efficiently.

B) Critically evaluate the integrative nature of the Project Charter

A project character represents the expected role and objective of employees in a project. It is one type of formal document that the project manager gives stakeholders to approve the proposal officially. The integrated project charter includes project employees, stakeholders, and other objectives that build a strong base of projects. Project character is typically a document that provides an overview of the project and also identifies key stakeholders and project managers. This charter provides an authority to complete the project and also analyze the importance of projects and employees. The project charter is a document that consists of a few pages of project scope, vision, objectives, and employees' responsibilities and stakeholders. The project charter's main purpose is the official authorization of the project (DE MARCO & MANGANO 2021). Without a project charter, the project can be canceled. The project charter identifies the objectives and scopes to accomplish project goals within a very short period. It helps project management plan to implement very effectively. The project charter is a crucial part of every project management and when a new problem occurs which is not included in the project charter. So it takes a long time to solve these obstacles which also reduces the effectiveness of the project. Project charter needs a huge time to develop the overall project process which also impacts project success. Creating an effective project charter takes time and involves a new process that makes the whole project very complicated. 

Project charter for the achievement of Project Success 

A project charter is an essential part of a project management plan that provides support and guideline to achieve project success (Ludwig 2018). An effective project charter has three elements that develop the process of project management. The elements of the project charter are project objective, project scope, and responsibility.

Projective objective 

The project charter provides an overview of project objectives and goals that help to analyze the projects and overall performance. Project charter clear projects goal and scopes that help to understand the objective of the project. A project charter is a document format with a clear objective and vision of the project. This charter also helps project management plans to analyze the overall details and information about the project (Smith 2020). This charter helps to identify the scopes and objectives of the project and improve new implementation to develop a project management plan. It also provides formal authoring and project manager to measure the resources to achieve project success.

Stakeholder 

A project charter gives a clear and simple sense of project objectives responsibilities and scopes to stakeholders. Key stakeholders use the project charter to analyze the projects and also approve the project. The project charter details information that helps to provide all information and data so that the project gets a sponsor and gets a suggestion to develop the project's scopes and objectives. A proper clarification from stakeholder helps to implement new strategies to submit the project within time. Project charter also increases project managers' reputation and project value that help to get stakeholders quickly.

Initial issues and risk 

The project charter builds a strong foundation for any project to tackle risk factors and initial issues. It is a very effective communication tool for stakeholders and risk managers. Key stakeholders again over analysis the whole project and develop a strong structure for the project. It reduces the risks and issues of the projects to achieve the success of the project. The project charter helps to analyze the risk factors and develop new implementations to make the success of the project. This project charter delivers very vital solutions and also helps to identify the current issues of the project.

Initial budget  

The project charter also provides budget information for the project and supports the project with different approaches that help to accomplish the highest possible and also increase the success percentages of the project (Gomes Carvalho & Romão 2021). The project charter document describes how the project fulfills the objectives where the project budget is also analyzed and identified with clear details that also give a clear vision to the stakeholder and the project manager to accomplish the project within a short period. Authorizing projects and overall analysis of cost highly support projects to achieve success which also helps to increase the effectiveness of the project management plan. 

C) Critically Evaluate the Project Management Plan

The project management plan is one type of process that includes monitoring, controlling, and executing the project. This plan is integrative through many different principles together to accomplish the project's success. An integrative approach for a project management plan enables a model for an organization for achieving the success of projects and provides some quantum step for innovation of new approaches to the success of the accomplished project. The integrated nature of the project management plan enables the coordination approaches for all project elements including resources, stakeholders, coordinating tasks, and other required elements for project success. In addition to controlling conflicts between evaluating resources and projects different aspects. The project management plan also monitors overall projects ad access quick decisions coordinately. An integrated project management plan also ensures that projects are not managed in isolation. The integrated nature of the project management plan is one of the key knowledge areas of PMBOK (Project Management Book of Knowledge) that maintains the overall projects and also monitors the progress of projects (Zubowski 2020).  Project integration management help to coordinate with all project elements that are highly required to achieve the objective of project success. The project plan is an essential part of any project and in some cases, it became time-consuming and expensive for an organization to accomplish the projects. Scheduling problems, lack of resources and security issues are also big challenges for an integrated project management plan that reduce the effectiveness of any project during coordination with stakeholders and resources. 

Project management plan for achieving project success

Project success highly depends on an integrated project management plan that goes through different stages and supports projects to achieve their highest potential. The management plan consists of the different processes such as initiation, project monitoring, execution, and other planning that support projects to collaborate various elements that help to achieve success (Pacagnella et al. 2019). A project management plan with different stages helps to analyze the whole project's potential and also implement a new element that is highly required.

Developing a Charter of the project

The project charter is a vital part of the project integration management plan. Every project's main base is a project charter where the project management plan helps to develop this charter and ensure the potentiality of project success. It defines the core objectives of the project that produce a developed project charter. The high-level project data includes description, name, and the final project's success. The project charter help projects by authorizing them to move to the next process and also monitoring the risk factors.

Developing a Project Plan

The project plan development is the next step for the project integration management plan that helps to access an effectively to achieve the objective of the project and provides support through developing project plans that highly ensure the success of any project. Projects goal, scope, tasks, and requirements are necessary that also discuss the process of an integrated project management plan to accomplish the objective of the projects.

Managing a Project 

Integrated project management plans highly control and manages the performance of the overall project help to analyze the project's current situation and provides required steps that also give high support to accomplish the scope and goal of the project where the integrated nature of project management is highly helping this project. The main criteria that support a project to be accomplished in the future are it mainly focuses on integration management techniques and tools and another process of execution. Project management plan help to manage the project and develop new implementations that give support to projects to accomplish success.

Controlling and Monitoring a Project Work

Controlling and monitoring is a very crucial part of integrated project management where it analysis the risk, growth, and performance factors that are highly required for project success (Fioravanti et al. 2018 Febuary). This monitoring supports projects in various ways through analysis of the current situation, cost, budget, and other factors that improve projects' internal and external bases and develop projects very effectively. In this phase cross verification and tracing help to meet the project's objective.

Performing Integrated Control

Integrated control is the fifth process project integrated management plan that belongs to the control and monitoring process group and implements changes to control any critical situation if the project does not go with its required plan. This monitoring group is mainly focused on the project's current performance and implementing new approaches that are required for the success of the project.

Close Phase

The close phase is the final stage while implementing a management plan to the project closing group that indicates the completion of the project. When the project is finished, project objectives, product phases, and scopes are highly analyzed. The close phase supports projects success through identifying budgets, overall costs, and other internal and external factors that also affect this project. 

D) Integration, Configuration and Change Management 

Integration management in projects is one type of knowledge-related project management that inspires us to work together effectively. Integration management has various systems, stages, and methodologies to accomplish the success of any project. The importance of this management is it helps each element in the project very clearly and kept everyone on track for achieving the project's success and also involves resources and stakeholders. It is necessary management that ensures all information and data are synchronized. With clear integration management, activities of projects are accomplished without any type of confusion and obstacles (Zahur Ali & Gul 2022). This management also tries to make harmony in project areas with scope, quality, budget and procurement, and other stakeholders. This management process develops the character of the project, build effective project management planning, control and monitor the success of the project, and maintain the required knowledge for project management.

Configuration Management  

Configuration management is a process that provides a proper system for protecting, managing, and controlling every project product. The four stages that are required in configuration management are identification of project success, control of all areas, audit of the project, and status accounting. This management increases efficiency that provides improvement and control in the tracing of any project that also an ongoing process for identifying and controlling product changes. This management is simply maintaining the system, especially computer software and hardware and it also ensures system performance systematically and helps to achieve success in every project management (Tavaresc & Varajãod 2020). Configuration management is also one of the parts of change management that also help to implement new strategies and approaches to achieve project success within a very short period.

Change Management

Change management is one type of approach that helps to deal with the transformation of the organization through goals, technologies, and processes. It’s a simply a strategy that's the main purpose to implement new changes that work more effectively. This management is one type of process that identify new structures and some tools that help to manage internal and external factors of an organization. Change management is an essential part of an organization's success and also helps to implement new strategies that improve the overall work culture. New planning, implementation, and applying new strategies have become very easy through using the change management process. Change management is one type of approach with new implementation to achieve project success and also provides strategies to tackle obstacles in the future.
 

Figure3: Change Management process
(Source: Gasemagha & Kowang 2021)

Most Importance Thing for Project Success

Configuration, Integration, and Change Management are the essential part of every project's success, where configuration management plays a vital role in maintaining project scopes, quality, and other essential factors (Gasemagha & Kowang 2021). Integration management also focuses on projects efficiently and increases the success percentages and change management is a new approach that implements new strategies that help to achieve project success. Each management has a very vital role during achieve project success where change management and configuration management help to maintain the service consistency in the project. So it is hard to identify single management that is very important for project success because every management has its new approaches and strategies that are highly required for project success within a short period and integration management also has a vital role that is essential to coordinating all required elements such as include tasks, resource, and stakeholders. The success of every project depends on all management which increases the success possibility of every project. Although change management and configuration management is a highly essential part of project management because this two management takes the overall control of any organization through creating plan strategies, and maintaining computer hardware and software systems that help any organization to accomplish its projects success whereas configuration management also provides support to change management through system and identification of involving new implementation in the organization. 

Conclusion

From the above study, it can be concluded that change, configuration, and integration management are important parts to pursue project success. Each management helps projects reach their highest potential. It is also observed that the management support project management plans and helps to accomplish project objectives. The literature review also identifies change management and configuration management with models that help this study analyze whether that management is effective for project management. The critical evaluation also concluded that the management runs a project very smoothly and provided a guideline to tackle obstacles and other factors. 

Reference list

Al-Hajj, A & Zraunig, M, 2018, ‘The impact of project management implementation on the successful completion of projects in construction’, International Journal of Innovation, Management and Technology, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 21-27, Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Assem-Al-Hajj/publication/323539612_The_Impact_of_Project_Management_Implementation_on_the_Successful_Completion_of_Projects_in_Construction/links/5a9ada3745851586a2ac1def/The-Impact-of-Project-Management-Implementation-on-the-Successful-Completion-of-Projects-in-Construction.pdf

DE MARCO, A & MANGANO, G, 2021, ‘A correlation between perceived usage of project management methodologies and project success in Horizon 2020 projects’ Available at: https://webthesis.biblio.polito.it/19420/1/tesi.pdf

Gasemagha, AA & Kowang, TO, 2021, ‘Project manager role in project management success’, International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, vol. 11, no. 13, pp. 1345-1355, Available at: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/a2bd/b0980955d4ab2af041e0c73fc3f3666ad4e5.pdf

Gomes, J, Carvalho, H & Romão, MJB, 2021, ‘The contribution of the knowledge areas to project success: A multidimensional approach’, International Journal of Project Management and Productivity Assessment (IJPMPA), vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 90-106, Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jorge-Gomes-4/publication/351443246_The_Contribution_of_the_Knowledge_Areas_to_Project_Success_A_Multidimensional_Approach_-_International_Journal_of_Project_Management_and_Productivity_Assessment/links/6098276f458515d3150bc9a1/The-Contribution-of-the-Knowledge-Areas-to-Project-Success-A-Multidimensional-Approach-International-Journal-of-Project-Management-and-Productivity-Assessment.pdf

Ludwig, R, 2018, ‘Meetings critical to construction project success and best practices: A case study’, Available at: https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1241&context=cmsp

Rosenbaum, D, More, E & Steane, P, 2018, ‘Planned organisational change management: Forward to the past?’ An exploratory literature review, Journal of Organizational Change Management, Available at: http://www.davidrosenbaum.com.au/pdf/Jocm.pdf

Smith, C, 2020, ‘The role of organizational change management in successful strategic enrollment management implementation’, Strategic Enrollment Management Quarterly, vol. 8, no. 2, p. 31, Available at: https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1050&context=educationpub

Stouten, J, Rousseau, DM & De Cremer, D, 2018, ‘Successful organizational change: Integrating the management practice and scholarly literatures’, Academy of Management Annals, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 752-788, Available at: https://www.inmed.us/wp-content/uploads/1-Successful-Organizational-Change-Integrating-The-Management-Practice-And-Scholarly-Literatures.-Academy-of-Management-Annals-2018.pdf

Tavaresc, CSVSA & Varajãod, J, 2020, ‘Project Management in Public Health: A Systematic Literature Review on Success Criteria and Factors’, Available at: https://research.unl.pt/ws/portalfiles/portal/19270201/Santos_Port_J_Publ_Hea_2020_38_1_37.pdf

Thu, TDT & Thu, HTT, 2022, ‘Change management in Higher Education by Kotter's Model: A Case Study in Vietnam Private University’, Journal of International Business and Management, vol. 5, no.1, pp. 01-12, Available at: https://rpajournals.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/JIBM-2021-12-2097.pdf

Zahur, H, Ali, MI & Gul, M, 2022, ‘The Role of Knowledge-Oriented Leadership and Team Creativity in ERP Project Success’, Available at: https://pssr.org.pk/issues/v6/2/the-role-of-knowledge-oriented-leadership-and-team-creativity-in-erp-project-success.pdf

Zubowski, DR, 2020, ‘Configuration management challenges of model based systems engineering on multiple variant aircraft fleets’, Journal of Aviation/Aerospace Education & Research, vol.  29, no. 3, pp. 69-81, Available at: https://commons.erau.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1871&context=jaaer